大學(xué)英語（3）復(fù)習(xí)資料

II. Reading Comprehension 閱讀理解

Passage 1New research suggests that pandas may be at risk of dying out because they are too comfortable. Experts say too much happiness can stop the bears from searching for new mates.Environmentalists have long believed that building roads or homes near the bears may threaten their survival by “reducing or fragmenting their natural habitats”, The Times reported. But the new research suggests that a “modest degree of discomfort and fragmentation” may actually help preserve panda populations.The research was conducted by scientists from Michigan State University. It concluded that pandas fail to wander off in search of new mates if they find their habitat too comfortable, resulting in a lack of vital genetic diversity.For their study—outlined in a paper in the journal Conservation Biology—the team looked at genetic diversity and spread among a Chinese panda population.The ideal level of perfectly livable habitat was found to be only 80% of an area, with the remainder either too harsh or too affected by human activity.The experts concluded that pandas should ideally “be happy enough to thrive, but not so content that they don’t want to move around and find new mates” .Their conclusions about what The Guardian described as this “sweet spot” are in line with the so-called Goldilocks principle: that there can be just the right amount of something. The concept has been applied to a wide range of disciplines, from developmental psychology to economics and engineering.Claudio Sillero, a professor of conservation biology at Oxford University, told the newspaper that the new findings could have implications beyond panda conservation.“Most large animals that eat meat live in increasingly fragmented landscapes,” said Sillero, who was not involved in the research. “It may well be that the messy nature of their relationship with human efforts induces more animals to scatter or travel further, and might result in greater genetic connectivity and enhanced population persistence.”The most recent count of pandas found that there were more than 1,800 left in the wild, putting them on the list of vulnerable, but not endangered, species.

1. What do we learn from new research about pandas?

A. They are losing habitat due to the building of roads and houses.B. They have stopped seeking new mates for reproduction.C. They may not adapt to the fragmentation of their habitat.D. They may cease to exist as a result of enjoying too good a life.

2. What can we conclude from the new research by scientists at Michigan State University?

A. Pandas’ natural habitats are becoming less suitable for reproduction.B. The increased panda population is attributed to the fragmentation of their habitat.C. Environmentalists ’ long-time belief regarding panda conservation may be misleading.D. Housing development near pandas’ homes may threaten their survival.

3. What is the experts ’ conclusion regarding pandas?

A. It is urgent to provide an ideal habitat for them to thrive.B. It is very important to preserve their genetic diversity.C. Their chances of finding new mates have a lot to do with their habitat.D. Their environment for survival has been continuously worsening.

4. What can we infer from the passage about the Goldilocks principle?

A. It needs to be confirmed by more studies on pandas.B. It applies to the preservation of pandas too.C. It has implications for future panda research.D. It can be used to locate the right spot for pandas.

5. What can the new findings do according to Professor Sillero?

A. Help discover new ways for the conservation ofpandas.B. Help remove pandas from the list of endangered species.C. Shed light on the conservation of most large meat-eating animals.D. Show the complexity of interactions between humans and animals.Passage 2With the rise of pop music, jazz, and electronic music, both opera and classical music started to fade away from the public eye. Some people are beginning to wonder whether opera and classical music are still relevant to the modern world of music. Granted, you will not typically see today’s teenagers lending their ears to Bach anytime soon, but there are some major indicators that both opera and classical music are now still quite alive.The most major indicator of classical music’s importance in society today is the fact that much of the popular music that is currently being produced uses similar beats, harmonies, and melodies (旋律) as those that were used in some of classical music’s best works. Even so, it can be difficult for those who do not study music theory to see this as an indicator, since it is subtle and just shows the impact symphonic (交響樂的) orchestras have had on society’s taste in music.A better example for the relevance of opera and classical music can be seen in the invention of the rock opera. Opera, in its simplest definition, is telling a story using music as its form. The art of telling a story using music has not faded in the least bit. In fact, sometimes actual orchestras are used for major parts of the opera itself. Some of the world’s greatest hits have been parts of rock operas.Fans of classical music can also tell you that there are few types of music that are more expressive. So, it should come as no surprise to anyone that classical music pieces are still used as background music in modern movies. Symphonic orchestra compositions have also been

created solely for the purpose of being included in major motion pictures. These are often very well received amongst mainstream music fans.

Classical music and opera are the very foundation of what our modern music is based upon. Considering the huge impact they have had on our current society, it is without doubt that we can expect them to continue to remain important for centuries to come.

1. What does the author think of classical music and opera in today’s world?

A. They are no longer relevant to teenagers ’ lives.B. They will not fade away from the public eye.C. They have given way to electronic music.D. They still make their presence felt.

2. What do we learn about much ofthe popular music currently produced?

A. It caters to society’s taste in music in a more subtle way than classical music.B. It contains elements similar to those in some masterpieces of classical music.C. It can be difficult for many classical music fans to appreciate.D. It can be seen as an indicator of refinement on classical music.

3. Why does the author mention the invention of the rock opera?

A. To present the simplest definition of opera.B. To illustrate how to tell a story using music.C. To justify the necessity of using orchestras in opera.D. To show the relevance of opera and classical music.

4. Why are classical music pieces still used as background music in modern movies?

A. They are essential for movies to become the world’s greatest hits.B. They are well received by movie fans from all over the world.C. They are considered to be the most expressive type of music.D. There are few types of music for movie producers to choose from.

5. What do we learn about our modern music?

A. It will not enjoy as much popularity as classical music and opera among music fans.B. It might not be able to rival classical music and opera in importance for centuries to come.C. It could not have come into being without classical music and opera as its foundation.D. It cannot outcompete classical music and opera in its impact on our current society.Passage 3Plant-based meats are coming soon to a dinner table near you, but do they deserve a spot on your plate? If you tried a vegetable burger years ago and dismissed it as rubbery and flavorless. It’s a good time to give meatless meat another chance. Newer varieties imitate the look, flavor, and texture of meat. Analysts don’t expect the meat-free movement to slow anytime soon; a 2021 report predicts the market will skyrocket to $74 billion by 2030 — a 957 percent surge.Plant-based meats are no longer just for vegetarians. Companies such as Impossible

Foods and Beyond Meat—the current superstars of the alternative protein sector — are pursuing consumers who enjoy meat but want to reduce their meat consumption for animal rights, health, or environmental reasons. So far, it’s a winning strategy: More than nine out of ten consumers who buy Beyond Burger and Impossible Foods products also eat meat.

Many vegetarians don’t actually care for food that resembles meat. When reporter Joan Solsman, a longtime vegetarian, tried a dish from Impossible Foods, she felt so sick that she couldn’t finish it. “Maybe the best sign that Impossible Foods has cracked the code to realistic fake meat is that I couldn’t stand to take another bite,” she wrote.Meatless meats are generally a healthier choice than beef because they are cholesterol-free, plus they’re a good source of vitamins, minerals, protein, and fiber.If meatless meat can help you stick to a plant-based diet, that in itself can lead to better health. Not only has red meat been linked to cancer, but studies show that people who ditch meat have lower blood pressure, lower average blood sugar, and lower cholesterol levels.However, just because it’s plant-based doesn’t mean it’s health food. Most imitation meats are highly processed and contain high amounts of sodium (鈉) compared to traditional beef.These new generations of alternate meat get all the attention, but don’t forget about whole grains and vegetables. Beans are an especially excellent protein substitute. They’re nutritious, inexpensive, and far more sustainable than any of the processed meatless substitutes on the market today.

1. What can we expect ofplant-based meats?

A. A noticeable surge in their varieties C. An enormous effort in their promotion.B. A huge boost in their consumption. D. An increasing interest in their analyses.

2. What do we learn about consumers buying Beyond Burger and Impossible Foods products?

A. Most of them refrain from eating meat for health reasons.B. Most of them eat meatless meat to protect the environment.C. They are mostly non-vegetarians.D. They are mostly animal-rights advocates.

3. What can we conclude about Impossible Foods ’ products from Joan Solsman’s remark?

A. They very much resemble animal meat. C. Most ofthem are sold as true fake meat.B. They more often appeal to meat-eaters. D. Some have become its signature dishes.

4. Why can the habit of eating a plant-based diet lead to better health?

A. It reduces various health risks posed by meat consumption.B. It helps maintain normal blood pressure and blood sugar.C. It provides all the nutrients for staying healthy.D. It frees people from any known link to cancer.

5. What does the author recommend we eat at the end ofthe passage?

A. Red meats like traditional beef. C. Naturally produced foods.B. New generations of alternate meat. D. Processed protein substitutes.

Passage 4

With those born with natural talents, it feels as if they excel without really trying. But what about those of us who don’t have a natural talent? We’ve been told all our lives that if you work hard, you too can succeed. But with the release of Angela Duckworth’s Grit, we are given a new key to success.“As much as talent counts, effort counts twice,” says Duckworth in Grit. She introduces a new concept that talent may be overrated, and if you want real success, what you need is grit, the perfect combination of passion and persistence. Even if you have natural talent, it’s nothing without grit.Duckworth says grit is the difference between success and failure. A person who has grit is more likely to succeed than a person who does not. When we think about attaining success—whether it’s landing that job or learning that new skill—our thoughts are immediately burdened by all the things we must first learn. If you want that new job, you have to learn the job skills, then the interview skills, then the dress part—and you must be perfect at all of them. Grit is different because it tells us that perfection isn’t the goal.Grit lifts the unreasonable expectations off our shoulders. Grit tells us that the door is open wider than we first thought possible. Grit allows us to redefine our goals. Think about it: what’s something you’ve always wanted to do, but gave up because you “don’t have the skills for it”? What’s something you love but aren’t good at?The real workings of grit are to have sustainable passion and continue to try. Effort means more than your natural ability. Even if you haven’t mastered a skill, grit tells you that you can still succeed if you can transform your passion into action. In a way, Duckworth is giving new hope to people who have shut the doors on their dreams. She is saying it is possible that you can accomplish anything. If at first you fail, then try one more time with grit.

1. What does the passage say about people born with natural talents?

A.They seem to outdo others without hard work.B.They appear to know all the secrets to success.C.They feel it only too logical to succeed.D.They are bound to excel effortlessly.

2. What does Duckworth say about talent?

A. It plays a lesser role in one’s success. C. It is a new concept much too overrated.B. It is a guarantee for real success in life. D. It proves necessary for big achievements.

3. What does the passage say about people thinking of attaining success? A.They are puzzled how to present their best to the employer.

B.They are burdened by their expectation of perfection.C.They will try hard to land a job that fits their skills best.D.They will find themselves lacking in all the skills they need.

4. How does the author think grit can be helpful to us?

A. It allows us to know what we are good at.

B. It opens our eyes to new opportunities.C. It focuses our attention on what we do.D. It lets us reconsider the goals to achieve.

5. What message does Duckworth try to convey in her book Grit?

A. We should perfect ourselves to ensure success.B. We should stay persistent even in face of failures.C. We can never master a skill without constant practice.D. We can never expect to reach our goals without passion.Passage 5We all take a little extra effort to look nice for special occasions. But most of us have conflicting feelings about dressing up and feel guilty about taking the time to focus on clothes. Science now suggests the right dress may give ourselves the extra edge in our professional and personal lives.We hear sayings like “dress for the job you want; not the job you have” . Most people don’t really believe in them, but research into the impact of clothes on behavior now suggests that there may actually be a grain of truth in these sayings. Science says that the clothes we wear affect our behavior, our mood and even the way we interact with others because of the symbolic meaning that we assign to different types of clothing.We consider some clothes to be powerful, some to be fun, and so on. We even evaluate people whom we have just met based on their clothes. We also evaluate ourselves based on what we are wearing because of the way they make us feel. This means that the experience of wearing something affects our attitudes and our choice of behavior.There’s a reason tailored jackets are associated with being ‘dressed for success’ . It seems that wearing formal office wear puts us in the right frame of mind to conduct business. Wearing power clothing makes us feel more confident and even increases hormones needed for displaying dominance. This in turn helps us become better negotiators and abstract thinkers.While a good suit works wonders for our performance in the boardroom, wearing formal wear isn’t a great idea when we want to socialize. Studies have found that people tend to be less open and less able to relax when they wear formal clothes.On the other hand, a casual dress helps us become more friendly and creative. These findings support the idea of wearing business casuals on a Friday; since colleagues are most likely to take out time to socialize on the last work day of the week. I mean, who wants to hang out with people in their suits?1. What does science suggest the right dress may do?

A. Provide extra energy for what we do. C. Enable us to look a lot more attractive.

B. Help us to enjoyB. Help us to enjoy a fuller personal life.D. Add to our advantage in work and life.

2. Why does science say the clothes one wears may affect their interaction with others?

A. Different types of clothing markedly reflect different personalities.B. Different types of clothing convey different messages symbolically.C. Clothes usually represent one’s social and economic status.D. Clothes largely determine one’s likability by people around.

3. How do the clothes we wear sway our evaluation of ourselves?

A. By impacting how we feel about ourselves.B. By exerting an effect on our power of judgment.C. By influencing our interpretation of symbolic messages.D. By affecting what we take as the basis for assessment.

4. Why does the author say tailored jackets are associated with being ‘dressed for success’?

A. They may help people concentrate on their business.B. They are necessary for formal business dealings.C. They may enable people to have the right mentality for doing business.D. They are vital to keeping a dominant position in business transactions.

5. What are people advised to do when they want to socialize?

A. Look unusual. C. Wear a good suit.B. Dress casually. D. Focus on clothing.Passage 6Our society places a high value on physical beauty. Americans spend an average of over $722 each year on their appearance. One in ten Americans has tried to look like a star.There’s nothing wrong with trying to look our best, but excessive focus on physical appearance misses the soulful aspects of what it means to be beautiful. Trying to look like the magazine pictures can take us on a long ride away from what beauty is really about.Many of us spend far too much time, energy, and money trying to polish an image of what we think will bring attention, love, and connection. In the process, we may fail to attend to ourselves in a way that would move us toward deeper intimacy, fulfillment, and meaning.It may sound trite (老生常談的), but beauty is only skin deep; it’s not what brings love toward us. Just read about the latest Hollywood starlets whose seeming love turns into resentment and bitter court battles.Outer beauty can be as much of a curse as a blessing. We may develop a habit of being so focused on maintaining a perfect appearance that we never cultivate the inner qualities necessary to sustain and deepen intimacy and connection. As I describe in my book, The Authentic Heart, it is the courage to be authentic that connects us in a deeper way.While our initial attraction may be based, in part, on physical chemistry, it is the meeting

of our inner worlds that creates the lasting intimacy and spiritual connection for which we long. If we redirect our attention toward cultivating inner qualities, we might find a magnetic attraction that moves us from something superficial to something that connects us to our depths.

The path toward cultivating inner beauty is really simple. But what is simple is not always easy. Not everyone will see us and appreciate us as we take the courageous risk to allow ourselves to be seen as we really are. But if they don’t, it is their loss, not ours. Eventually we’ll find those compatible souls who appreciate us as we are.

1. What do we learn about American society from the first paragraph?

A. It expects every individual to look their very best.B. It places a high value on the physical fitness of stars.C. It considers one’s physical appearance very important.D. It sees lots of personal income wasted on beauty products.

2. What happens when people strive to look better?

A. They may neglect to cultivate the inner qualities that matter more.B. They feel much of their precious time, energy and resources is wasted.C. They have to get prepared for resentment and bitter court battles.D. They are better able to gain attention, love, and personal connection.

3. What does the author say about outer beauty?

A. It may lead to bad as well as good habits.B. It may be inherited or cultivated.C. It may do as much harm as good.D. It may create connection or isolation.

4. What brings about spiritual connection?

A. Frequent interaction. C. Attraction at first sight.B. Meeting of minds. D. Physical chemistry.

5. What happens when we take the path toward cultivating inner beauty?

A. We will meet people who value us for who we are.B. We will be discouraged from revealing our true selves.C. We may find a route toward other people’s souls.D. We may be appreciated more by people around us.

37. 4. There are some birds _______ in the eaves (屋檐) of our house at the moment.

38. 5. Despite a great deal of practice, Alice remained a(n) _______ dancer.

6. It seems like everyone writes a(n) _______ these days, or sets up a website that’s used as a personal diary for posting photos and stories.

wealth, and luxury.Unit 29. Technology may be traditionally _______ as a male-dominated industry, but it won’t always be that way.10. Today the first step in learning about a school’s culture, mission and priority (優(yōu)先考慮的事) isn’t through a school visit, but through the school’s _______.11. More than a third of British clerks say their job is ________ and spend their days performing tasks they believe do not really need to be performed.12. Shocking figures have shown that half of the animals in the world have _______ since 1970 because of uncontrollable human activities.13. In a 2020 interview, CEO Smith _______ the success of his company to the collective efforts of the entire staff rather than his excellent leadership only.14. _______ values are the fundamental beliefs of a person or an organization. They are the guiding principles that determine their behavior and action.15. In traditional cultures, the _______ of the seasons was—and often still is—recognized and celebrated with ceremonies.16. Albert Einstein _____________ when he said, “Everybody is a genius. But if you judge a fish by its ability to climb a tree, it will live its whole life believing that it is stupid.”Unit 317. More and more people now understand the importance of ____________a balance between work and family.18. It is a tradition of American universities to invite ____________ people from various fields to deliver a speech at their commencement/graduation ceremony.19. Apart from ____________ visits to local places of interest , such as art galleries , exhibitions and shopping centers, the old couple generally stayed at home.20. The young man drank too much at the party and could _________ remember anything when he found himself in the hospital next morning.21. In the plane crash over the weekend, the _________ survivor was a baby traveling with its parents.22. As some of the issues ___________ climate change are very complex, it will take a long time for the international community to reach consensus.23. Students should be encouraged to _______ different approaches to problems.24. I love the job, and it’s an added _______ that it’s so close to home.

Unit 4

41. 25. New measures have been introduced to _______ traffic congestion (擁堵) in the city.

42. 26. Most emerging adults are very ___________, believing that they have good chances of living “better than their parents did.”

43. 27. Parents have a legal ____________ to ensure that their child receives nine years of compulsory education.

44. 28. In my view, Jeff must _______ aside his pride and apologize to his wife and children.

45. 29. She’s just _______ to have snagged a fairly secure job, and doesn’t have to look at the want ads all day.

46. 30. He intends to prepare himself to _____________ in the world by first getting a college degree.

V. Grammar 語法運用

way.

48. 3. My dearest friend ignored my advice, which totally _______(surprise) me.

4. Mark Zuckerberg worked quite a long time to build Facebook, and it was years before the company _______ (make) a profit.

9. This dropped the price of magazines so that they were affordable for the working class. Mass media was born. And this _______(open) up a whole new world.10. We have never _______ (witness) such cruel behavior by one child to another.11. It’s important to some people to wear only the latest fashions and styles. For others, though, _______ (keep) up with the fashion isn’t that important.12. Many migrant workers who leave their children behind in the countryside feel _______(guilt) about having failed to perform their role as parents.13. A frog does not leave the water and live on the land until it _______ (develop) its lungs.14. When Mom _______(look) back on the early days of their marriage, she couldn’t help wondering how they had managed on with so little money then.

own decisions.

51. 18. Chinese parents are known to make huge _______ (sacrifice) to ensure a good education for their children.

52. 19. The prime minister in Great Britain is roughly _______ (equivalent) to the president of the United States.

53. 20. I’ve been in China for long enough now to be ________ (embarrass) by my lack of mandarin speaking skills.

54. 21. Children can experience much pressure to live up to the _______ (expectation) of their parents.

55. 22. My girlfriend was _______ (serious) ill then, but she didn’t dare to tell her parents about it.

23. As I see it, those threatened the most by digital technology should learn to adapt and

make a living out of it, rather than _______ (complain) about it constantly.

24. When it comes to the environment problem, developed countries should invest more and do more to help _______ (develop) countries move forward.

Unit 4

58. 25. He couldn’t _______ (figure out) why his son quit his well-paid job and started his own business.

59. 26. With a _______ (positive) attitude you see the bright side of life, become optimistic, and expect the best to happen.

60. 27. She went to New York University to study the violin, then _______ (move) on to Yale for a master’s degree in performance.

61. 28. Teachers need to _______ (strike) a delicate balance between instructing their students and letting them discover things for themselves.

62. 29. It’s just _______ (typical) of Dan to spend all that money on exercise equipment and then lose interest two months later.

63. 30. More and more parents have great difficulty _______ (communicate) with their children.

VI. Translation 漢譯英

1. 如果你準(zhǔn)備充分，你的出國打工假期能成為最有益的經(jīng)歷之一。(rewarding)

2. 首先，你需要通過瀏覽相關(guān)網(wǎng)站來明智地選擇目的地。(browse)

3. 出發(fā)前努力學(xué)習(xí)新的職業(yè)技能，這能讓你在國外有更多的工作選擇。(prior to)

4. 你所在的居住區(qū)或許住著幾戶有錢的鄰居。他們住著大房子，開著 SUV. (neighborhood)

5. 然而，如果你堅持要和鄰居比闊的想法，你就是在追風(fēng) 。(hold onto)

6. 等待你的是失望，而不是滿足。( contentment)

7. 中國的爺爺奶奶為照顧第三代盡心盡力是人所共知的。(devotion)

8. 而這卻是父母和成年子女之間矛盾的重要起因。(primary)

9. 兩代人在生活方式、育兒理念等方面有顯而易見的差異。(apparent)

10. 阿內(nèi)特教授提出了一個新的人生階段，即“成人形成期 ”。(emerging)

11. 他找出了幾個成人形成期的典型特征。(typical of)

12. 形成期成人想從生活中獲取很多——一份有吸引力且能發(fā)揮自己才華的工作，并與配偶維系持久的關(guān)系。(fascinating)

13. 我們要堅定維護(hù)和發(fā)展開放型世界經(jīng)濟。(maintain)

We should firmly maintain and develop an open world economy.

14. 在中國共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，我們發(fā)展了中國特色社會主義文化。(socialism)

Under the leadership of the Party, we have developed the culture of Chinese socialism.

15. 我們要堅持人與自然是生命共同體。（community）

We must pursue that humanity and nature are a community of life.

VII. Writing 寫作(考試時三個題目選一個)

1. In this task, you are to write an essay on The Benefits of Taking a Working Holiday for Young Adult. You will have 30 minutes for the task. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

2. In this task, you are to write an essay on How to Deal with Peer Pressure .

3. In this task, you are to write an essay on The Benefits of Physical Exercise for College Students.

4. In this task, you are to write an essay on A Comparison of Chinese New Year and Christmas Traditions.

5. In this task, you are to write an essay on How to Develop Social Skills for Future Success.

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大學(xué)英語 （3） 復(fù)習(xí)資料

大學(xué)英語（3）復(fù)習(xí)資料