I let students write down initial views on the topic before reading

I use pictures, videos or real objects to arouse students’ interest in the text

I design short situational tasks to help students build reading expectations

I organise group discussions on key or difficult points of the text

I provide sentence frames so every student can take part orally

I guide students to dig deeper into text meaning through follow-up questions

I require groups to reach consensus and present it with a poster or mind-map

I use gallery walk, role-play, etc. to promote inter-group exchange

I summarise and elevate students’ collective ideas in time

I prepare tasks of appropriate difficulty for students at different reading levels

I allow struggling students to use aids such as audio or vocabulary lists

I give advanced students extra appreciation, rewriting or extension tasks

I give individual students immediate feedback while circulating

Students can choose poster, speech, micro-writing, etc. to show understanding

I use rubrics to guide students in self- and peer-assessment of reading outcomes